Flame-retardant cables are an essential component in various industries, providing a safe and reliable solution for electrical systems. These cables are designed to resist the spread of fire and minimize damage in case of a fire outbreak. In this article, we will explore the different models of flame-retardant cables, their characteristics, and applications. 1. Non-Halogenated Flame-Retardant Cables Non-halogenated flame-retardant cables are manufactured without using halogens such as chlorine or bromine compounds. Instead, they utilize alternative materials that offer flame resistance properties. These cables are known for their low smoke emission and low toxicity levels during combustion. One popular model is the LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) cable. LSZH cables release minimal smoke when exposed to fire, reducing visibility issues that can hinder evacuation efforts. They also emit lower levels of toxic gases compared to traditional PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) cables. LSZH cables find extensive use in public spaces like airports, hospitals, and commercial buildings where safety is paramount due to the reduced risk of harm from smoke inhalation or toxic gas exposure. Another non-halogenated model is HFFR (Halogen-Free Flame Retardant) cable which offers similar benefits as LSZH but with added flexibility for installation purposes. 2. Mineral Insulated Cables Mineral insulated (MI) cables consist of copper conductors encased within a highly heat-resistant mineral insulation material such as magnesium oxide powder or ceramic beads. This construction provides excellent mechanical strength and exceptional resistance against high temperatures. MI cables exhibit superior flame retardancy due to their mineral insulation layer which acts as an effective barrier against flames spreading along the cable length even under extreme conditions like direct contact with fire or exposure to high temperatures over extended periods. These types of flame-retardant cables find applications in critical environments such as power plants, petrochemical facilities, and industrial settings where there is a higher risk of fires occurring due to hazardous materials or extreme operating conditions. 3. Fire Resistant Cables Fire resistant (FR) cables are specifically designed to maintain circuit integrity during a fire incident by continuing electrical transmission even at elevated temperatures caused by flames or intense heat radiation from nearby fires. FR models typically have multiple layers including an outer sheath made from thermosetting polymers like silicone rubber that provide excellent resistance against high temperatures without melting or releasing harmful substances when exposed to flames. The core insulation material used in FR cable construction may include mica tape wraps which act as barriers preventing short circuits caused by conductor melting under extreme heat conditions. These types of flame-retardant cabling solutions play a crucial role in emergency lighting systems, alarm systems, and other critical circuits where maintaining communication during firefighting operations is vital for ensuring safety. 4．Flame-Retarding Coatings In addition to specialized cable constructions mentioned above，flame retardancy can also be achieved through coatings applied on standard PVC-insulated wires. Flame retarding coatings contain additives that delay ignition time，reduce flammability，and prevent rapid spread along wire surfaces when exposed to open flames.The most common coating used for this purpose is FRLS（Fire Retardent Low Smoke）which combines both low smoke emission properties with improved resistance against combustion FRLS coated wires find widespread application in residential buildings，commercial complexes，and areas with limited ventilation since they reduce risks associated with dense smoke formation during fires while offering enhanced protection against propagation In conclusion,the models discussed above represent some commonly used types o